Compiling/Installing Ettercap from Source Ubuntu 9.10

Ok, so my mission has thus been to compile all the tools I use from source. This is to guarantee that I have the most recent version, and for the experience. Now you can use the repositories to install most of these tools, but often times the versions are outdated. It wasn't until recently here that nmap was upgraded from 4.76 to 5.00. But this is just my personal task for all the tools I end up needing to use. So to start, download ettercap from ettercap.sourceforge.net. Download the latest tarball, in my case 0.7.3.

CD to the download location and issue the following command:

tar xzf ettercap-NG-0.7.3.tar.gz
cd ettercap-NG-0.7.3

Now we have to install some dependencies...and this I will use apt-get for. Kind of a work around, but one that I'm fine with at the moment.

sudo apt-get install libpcap0.8-dev libpcap-dev libnet1 libnet1-dev

Make sure you have libssl and the development libraries installed as well (libssl0.9.8 and libssl-dev).
Now you will want to make one change to a source file to avoid make errors.

nano src/ec_log.c

Change the following line from

fd->fd = open(filename, 0_CREAT | 0_TRUNC | 0_RDWR | 0_BINARY);
to
fd->fd = open(filename, 0_CREAT | 0_TRUNC | 0_RDWR | 0_BINARY, 0666);

Now issue the following commands, hopefully without error:

./configure
make
sudo make install

If all goes well, ettercap should be installed and you can access the GUI by issuing:

sudo ettercap -G

Hope this works for everyone, leave comments if you run into problems.Technorati Tags: ettercap

Manually Share and Mount a Samba Share in Ubuntu Server 9.04

For those of you who do not have/use a GUI, this is how to manually share and map a samba share:

On the server:

apt-get install samba

Nano the smb.conf in /etc/samba/smb.conf to include

[Share Name]
path = /home/share
available = yes
browseable = yes
public = yes
writable = yes

Modify that to meet your needs then restart the samba service:

/etc/init.d/samba restart

On the client:

apt-get install smbfs
mkdir /mnt/share
mount -t smbfs //serverIP/share /mnt/share

If the share is not public, then you might need to use the switch -o username=user.

Setting Up and Configuring Ubuntu Server 9.04 VMWARE with SSH, VSFTPD (TSL/SSL), OpenVPN, Fail2ban (PART 3)

Ok, now its time for OpenVPN. There is a really good write-up on how to install OpenVPN by niels on http://nielsvz.com. Follow his guide to install it on 9.04 and then you can play with some options below.

To authenticate via PAM, add this line in your server.conf file:

plugin /usr/lib/openvpn/openvpn-auth-pam.so system-auth

To route all traffic through your VPN connection (HTTP, DNS...), uncomment this line in your server.conf file:

push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp"

Corresponding with this switch, you will need to enable NAT redirection. This will allow your VPN connected clients to see and access network resources on the subnet your server is on. Enable it with the following:

iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE

To configure OpenVPN to only allow certain users to log in, follow the instructions here.

Here is a copy of my client config to reference:

persist-key
tls-client
remote techaccesstips.servehome.net 1194
proto udp
ca ca.crt
dev tun
persist-tun
cert client1.crt
comp-lzo
nobind
key client.key
pull
auth-user-pass

Here are a list of clients for Windows and Mac:
Tunnelblick - Free OpenVPN client for Mac
Viscosity - Shareware client for Mac
OpenVPN GUI - Free client for Windows

So ends the guide...If you have any questions, comments, or revisions/suggestions please leave a comment and I will get back with you.

Arrow Keys Not Working in Ubuntu VMWare / Backtrack

Found this post from projektd at http://bias9.blogspot.com/2008/10/keys-not-working-in-vmware.html.

Either modify or create the file in your Home directory:

cd ~/.vmware
nano config

Add this line to your config file:

xkeymap.nokeycodeMap = true

Then restart VMware with:

sudo /etc/init.d/vmware restart

Should work after that.

Setting Up and Configuring Ubuntu Server 9.04 VMWARE with SSH, VSFTPD (TSL/SSL), OpenVPN, Fail2ban (PART 2)

Continuing from Part 1...

With installing and configuring VSFTPD...here is what we want to accomplish:

   1. Setup a FTP server that only allows secure (TSL/SSL) connections so passwords and data aren't sent in the clear.
   2. Have virtual users who are linked to a local user account with no shell privledges.
   3. Be able to access it from outside of our private network.

Lets start by creating a user with no shell privledges:

nano /etc/shells
(Add the following entry at the bottom: /usr/sbin/nologin)
mkdir /home/luigi
groupadd ftpaccess
useradd -d /home/luigi -G ftpaccess -s /usr/sbin/nologin luigi
chown luigi /home/luigi
chgrp ftpaccess /home/luigi

Then we will install VSFTPD:

apt-get install vsftpd libdb4.7 db4.7-util
cd /etc
mkdir vsftpd
mv vsftpd.conf vsftpd.bak
nano vsftpd.conf
(Make your vsftpd.conf look like the following) *UPDATE: the config file cannot have spaces between the entries and the values (i.e. 'listen = yes' is bad, it should be 'listen=yes').

listen=YES
listen_port=21
anonymous_enable=NO
local_enable=YES
write_enable=YES
dirmessage_enable=YES
xferlog_enable=YES
connect_from_port_20=NO
xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
ftpd_banner=ITSA ME...MARIO
chroot_local_user=YES
secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd
pam_service_name=ftp
rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
ssl_enable=YES
allow_anon_ssl=NO
force_local_data_ssl=YES
force_local_logins_ssl=YES
ssl_tlsv1=YES
ssl_sslv2=YES
ssl_sslv3=YES
pasv_min_port=13000
pasv_max_port=12300
hide_ids=YES
guest_enable=YES
guest_username=luigi
user_config_dir=/etc/vsftpd

nano users.txt (with alternating lines of username and passwords; exclude the markings when making the file)

bill #username
verysecure #password
sue
filetransfer
bob
protocol

db4.7_load -T -t hash -f users.txt /etc/vsftpd_users.db
nano /etc/pam.d/ftpservice

auth required /lib/sercurity/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd_users
account required /lib/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd_users

Now we must specify a user config file for each virtual user.

nano /etc/vsftp_userconfig

Now add the following:

write_enable=YES
anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
anon_other_write_enable=YES
anon_upload_enable=YES
local_root=/home/luigi
chroot_local_user=YES
dirlist_enable=YES
download_enable=YES
guest_username=luigi

Save and exit. Now lets make a link to this file for each user:

ln -s /etc/vsftp_userconfig /etc/vsftpd/bill
ln -s /etc/vsftp_userconfig /etc/vsftpd/sue
ln -s /etc/vsftp_userconfig /etc/vsftpd/bob

Now open up your router and set it to forward the port range specified in pasv_min_port and pasv_max_port...in this case port forward 12300-12400. Then use IPTABLES to set an outbound exception with the following commands:

iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 12300:12400 -j ACCEPT
iptables -L (to verify the exception was added)

Then finally restart the vsftpd service:

/etc/init.d/vsftpd restart

Now for fail2ban...the configs are pretty self-explanitory, but read up on it if you have questions:

apt-get install fail2ban
cd /etc/fail2ban
mv jail.conf jail.bak
nano jail.conf

[DEFAULT]
ignoreip = 127.0.0.1
bantime  = 600
maxretry = 3
backend = polling
destemail = root@localhost
action = iptables[name=%(__name__)s, port=%(port)s]

[ssh]

enabled = true
port    = 12345
filter  = sshd
logpath  = /var/log/auth.log
maxretry = 3

[vsftp]

enabled = tue
port = 21
filter = vsftpd
logpath = /var/log/vsftpd.log
maxretry = 3

/etc/init.d/fail2ban restart

Try to SSH into your machine from another virtual or another computer and enter the wrong credentials...check /var/log/fail2ban.log to see if it worked. You can also look at the IPTABLES again.

Please give me feedback on if this worked for you or any problems you encounter by dropping a comment.

Part 3 with OpenVPN coming soon...

Setting Up and Configuring Ubuntu Server 9.04 VMWare with SSH, VSFTPD (TSL/SSL), OpenVPN, Fail2ban (PART 1)

Finally, after much tinkering and reading many guides...

My goal was to make a server with these components installed so I could practice breaking into it. Like any logical "practice" server, I made it a VM. Here's a guide on how to set up one of your own...

Things assumed and required:

1. You have VMWare Server Installed
2. You have Ubuntu Server 9.04 installed in a VM with no services preinstalled (i.e. LAMP)
   
3. You have mounted the VMWare tools installer
4. I am using the username mario for my default username and have set the server IP to 192.168.3.100
5. You have a free domain name setup and registered with DynDNS.org.
   

Let's get started:

The first thing to do is to login, via VMWare console, and change some fundamental settings. What we are going to do is change the root password, update the server with any patches available, and install some needed dependencies:

sudo su
passwd root
apt-get update
apt-get upgrade
uname -r
apt-get install g++ gcc gawk make unzip zip linux-headers-'uname -r' build-essential

Now to install VMWare tools...its not necessary, but might be helpful in some instances:

mkdir /mnt/cdrom
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
cp /mnt/cdrom/VMWare*.tar.gz /home/mario
tar xzf VMWare*.tar.gz
cd vmware*
vmware-install.pl
(Use all the defaults and when finished)
reboot

Once the system has rebooted, log back in and set a static IP on the interface eth0 and remove apparmor:

su
nano /etc/network/interfaces
(Modify your config to look like this)

inet eth0 iface static
      address 192.68.3.100
      netmask 255.255.255.0
      network 192.168.3.0
      broadcast 192.168.3.255
      gateway 192.168.3.1

/etc/init.d/networking restart
echo techaccesstips.servehome.net > /etc/hostname

/etc/init.d/hostname.sh start
nano /etc/hosts (Make the top portion look like the following)

127.0.0.1            localhost.localdomain                  localhost
192.168.3.100     techaccesstips.servehome.net     servername

/etc/init.d/apparmor stop
update-rc.d -f apparmor remove
apt-get purge apparmor apparmor-utils

Now install the SSH server and configure it:

apt-get install ssh openssh-server
nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config
(Change "PermitRootLogin" to "no" and change the port number if you wish)
/etc/init.d/ssh restart

Ok, now SSH into your server to test it out with the following command:

ssh -l mario -p 12345 192.168.3.100
(Leave the -p switch out if you didn't change the port number)

Continue with Part 2...

Convert OGV to AVI (gtk-recordMyDesktop)

For a while I have been looking for a good way to make some video tutorials in Linux and be able to upload them in good quality to a video hosting site. I finally found a good piece of software that would let me choose where I wanted to record, gtk-recordMyDesktop. This can be obtained by typing sudo apt-get install gtk-recordmydesktop or through the Add/Remove Programs feature. The output of the recorded file is in a .ogv format. I want to convert it to a .avi format so I can upload it. Here is the command to do so:

mencoder -idx input.ogv -ovc lavc -oac mp3lame -o output

There is another way to do this through ffmpeg with this command:

ffmpeg -i input.ogv output.avi

Either one works, but to keep things easy, I made a script to assist with the conversion:

#!/bin/bash
echo "Convert from .OGV to .AVI"
NAME=$(whoami)
read -p "Is the file on your Desktop? (y/n):" DESKTOP
if [ "$DESKTOP" = "y" ]; then
{
    read -p "Please specify the name of the .OGV file: /home/$NAME/Desktop/" OGV
    read -p "Please specify the desired output filename: /home/$NAME/Desktop/" AVI
    mencoder -idx /home/$NAME/Desktop/$OGV -ovc lavc -oac mp3lame -o /home/$NAME/Desktop/$AVI
    echo "Conversion completed."
}
else
{
    read -p "Please specify the location of the .OGV file: " OGV
    read -p "Please specify the desired output filename: " AVI2
    mencoder -idx $OGV -ovc lavc -oac mp3lame -o $AVI2
    echo "Conversion completed."
}
fi
read -p "Would you like to play the converted movie? (y/n):" PLAY

if [ "$PLAY" = "y" ]; then
{   
    if [ "$DESKTOP" = "y" ]; then
            totem /home/$NAME/Desktop/$AVI
            echo "Process Completed Successfully!"
            clear
            exit
    else
            totem $AVI2
            clear
            echo "Process Completed Successfully!"
            exit       
    fi
}
else
    clear
    echo "Process Completed Successfully!"
    sleep 2
fi
exit

Just make sure to issue chmod 755 ogvtoavi before running it.

So now you can expect some videos in the upcoming days...

Installing VMWare Server 2 in Ubuntu

Ok, so here is a quick reference to installing VMWare Server 2 in Ubuntu. I used 8.04 at the time, but upgraded to 8.10 and the same methods still apply. If you already have VMWare Server installed, follow the instructions at the end first, then proceed with the install.

1. Download the VMWare Server TAR file to the desktop. Make sure you copy the serial from the website as well.
   
2. Once the download has finished, open up konsole, and enter the following commands.

• uname -r (Copy the output of this command and paste it where it says *paste* in the next line)
  
• sudo apt-get install linux-headers-*paste* build-essential xinetd
• cd Desktop
• tar xvzf VMware-server-*.tar.gz
• cd vmware-server-distrib
• sudo vmware-install.pl

Keep all the defaults, pressing enter at the prompts. It will continue to install then ask you if you would like to run vmware-config.pl. Press Enter, then once again, leave all the defaults.

*NOTE: It did ask me if I wanted to use a C Compiler, I selected yes (default) and then it found that GCC was a newer version than that which my kernel was compiled with. Here it asks if I want to continue and it is defaulted to 'no'. Just type in 'yes' and be on your way. It might ask this a few times.

Keep chugging along, but pay attention to what you are pressing enter to at this point. You may want to change some directories or options. Once it comes to the part where you enter your serial, make sure you enter the letters in CAPS.

That's pretty much it. Navigate to https://localhost:8333 and log in with the specified user. You may need to add a security exception in Firefox.

*UPDATE* When I upgraded from 8.04 to 8.10, I could not access the web gui. I restarted the vmware service via "/etc/init.d/vmware restart" and it told me I needed to run vmware-config.pl again. I ran vmware-config.pl and went through all prompts and it's back up and running just fine.

TO UNINSTALL and REINSTALL, this is what I did:
Either run sudo vmware-uninstall.pl
or
Log in as root...

• su
• rm -R /etc/vmware
• rm -R /usr/lib/vmware
• exit

Then continue with the install.

Hope this helps. Let me know if you find something different. A more detailed guide can be found here.

Find System Specs in Terminal

I was presented with the job of "specing" out our ESX servers and documenting my findings. I figured the easiest way to do that would be to SSH into the box and get the specs that way. I stumbled up a site that gave a lot of useful commands. Here are the commands I used:

Graphics Card
lspci | grep VGA - dislpays graphic card model

Ethernet
lspci | grep Ethernet - displays the ethernet card model / controllers
ifconfig [interface] - displays IP address, MAC, and various other information

Kernel and System Info
cat /etc/issue - current distrobution and kernel version
uname -a - kernel information

Processor
cat /proc/cpuinfo - displays processors, speed, flags, and various other information
top (then press C) - realtime processes information by CPU usage

Memory
cat /proc/meminfo - displays RAM, swap, and amount being used
free -m - displays RAM and swap information in an easier to read format
top (then press M) - displays realtime processes by RAM usage

Hard Drive
df -h - displays total space, mount points, free space, percentages, and various other information
fdisk -l - displays all attached drives and their ID's along with block information

Various
uptime - displays the system uptime
w - displays current logged in users and activity

Linux Alternatives to Popular Windows Applications / Package Finders

Recently I have been trying to edit a video in Linux and haven't quite found a good editor comparable to some editors I use in Windows. I found a few sites that were very useful to me and may be helpful to you.

The Linux Alternative Project
http://www.linuxalt.com/
Compares Windows software with Linux equivalents.

Linux App Finder
http://linuxappfinder.com
Search a large database of Linux Applications.

Open Source as Alternative
http://www.osalt.com/
Open source software alternatives to well-known commercial software.

OpenSuse Software Search
http://packages.opensuse-community.org/
Search for openSuse software that can be downloaded and installed with a click of a button.

Ubuntu Package Finder
http://packages.ubuntu.com
Search for Ubuntu packages based on distribution.

Take Ownership of Locked Files in Ubuntu

I recently installed a program through dpkg and then removed it with the dpkg -r command. However, I encountered some issues with folder permissions. The program I installed also created a security group which my username was not a part of. To take ownership of the files and remove them, I issued these commands:

• Navigate to the directory above the locked directories.
• chown -hR username /foldername

This changed the ownership of the folder and subfolders to my username, thus allowing me to remove the files.
*Note: If you are not logged in as root, then you will use the sudo prefix.

New commands that I have used frequently the past month...

On my never ending Linux/Unix/Windows knowledge quest, I have learned a few basic commands that have just been really helpful and that I have used very often in the past month while troubleshooting random problems.

Linux
smbmount - mount smb shares
Been in a few tight squeezes with some data I needed off a machine, but my only available storage option is a NAS.

• smbmount //ip/share /mnt/mountpoint -o username=domain\\user,password=pass

For me this would look like:

• smbmount //192.168.1.10/Backup /mnt/nas -o username=user,password=password

df - shows disk info (usage, mount point, free space)
The -a switch displays all filesystems, the -T switch displays the FS type, and the -h switch displys the results in "human readable" formats (such as MB and GB)

• df -a -h -T
  

du - shows size of files and folders
The -c switch gives a total of the size of all files in the directory, the -h switch lists size in a human readable format, and the -s switch outputs only the size of the directory, not the files within (it is pointless to use the -c switch with the -s switch unless you really enjoy doing so. Also without the -s switch, the output will be of every file and folder in a directory, which could be very verbose)

• du -c -h /mnt/Backup
• du -h -s /mnt/Backup

Unix/Mac
Here is how to make a release renew script to make quicken things up a bit:
In a terminal window, type:

• nano /usr/bin/rr

Which will open a blank page called rr. Now add:

• #!/bin/bash
• echo "Now releasing your IP"
  
• sudo ipconfig set int BOOTP
• sleep 5
• echo "Renewing your IP"
• sudo ipconfig set int DHCP
• echo "Done!"

Where int is the specified interface. CTRL+O to write the file then CTRL-X to exit.
Now to make the file executable enter:

• sudo chmod 775 /usr/bin/rr

That is it...now just enter rr to release and renew your ip.

Windows
I have also been using Windows to mount network shares through command prompt.

• net use
  
• net use a-z: \\ip\share /USER:domain\user
• net use /DELETE a-z:
• net use /DELETE *

The first command will display all mapped network shares.
The second command will map a share and use the logon credentials of domain\user, and might prompt you for your password (a-z is the drive letter for the share to be mapped to, you must use a drive letter not currently used).
The third command will delete a specified mapped drive (again, you must specify a drive letter for a-z).
The fourth command will delete all mapped drives.

These are all simple commands, but very useful for me day to day.